Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Miocene Epoch
23.03 - 5.333 17.697
Burdigalian Age
20.44 - 15.97 4.47
| 18 - 16 12 Miocene Climatic Optimum |
  18 - Present Kayan River slow loris, Nycticebus kayan, Borneo, Least concern |
  18 - Present Red slender loris, Loris tardigradus, 2 ss, Sri Lanka, Endangered |
  18 Microleo attenboroughi Small lion Queensland, Australia |
| 18 - 0 ice sheets covering significant parts of Greenland |
  17.5 - 15.5 2 Borhyaena tuberata Strong hyena Santa Cruz & Sarmiento formations, Argentina, Rio Firas formation, Chile |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Miocene Epoch
23.03 - 5.333 17.697
Burdigalian Age
20.44 - 15.97 4.47
17.1 - 0  eared seal or otariid or otary Sea Lions |
 _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/3 South American fur seal Arctocephalus australis S America Present Least concern.png)  _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/3 South American fur seal Arctocephalus australis S America 17.1 - Present Least concern.png) 17.1 - 0 S American fur seal Arctocephalus australis S America Least concern |
 _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/4 Japanese sea lion Zalophus japonicus Japanese sea Exinct 1970.png)  _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/4 Japanese sea lion Zalophus japonicus Japanese sea 17.1 - Exinct 1970.png) 17.1 - 1970 Japanese sea lion Zalophus japonicus Japanese sea |
 _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/5 California sea lion Zalophus california NE Pacific ocean Present Least concern.png)  _ Sea lions and Musteloids 🦡/5 California sea lion Zalophus california NE Pacific ocean 17.1 - Present Least concern.png) 17.1 - 0 California sea lion Zalophus california NE Pacific ocean Least concern |
  17 - 0 New Caledonian crow Corvus moneduloides New Caledonia Least concern |
| 17 - 6 11 Columbia River. 17th oldest. Empties Pacific ocean. huge outpourings of flood basalt lava covered the Columbia River Plateau and forced the lower Columbia into its present course. |
| 17 - 14 3 Yellowstone hotspot, Steens and Columbia River flood basalts, Pueblo, Steens, & Malheur Gorge-region, Pueblo Mountains, Steens Mountain, Washington, Oregon, Idaho, USA; most vigorous eruptions 180,000km3/43,184mi3 of lava |
| 17 - 2.5 14.5 Zygolophodon tapiroides, †Zygolophodon, †Mammutidae, Proboscidea, Mammalia 6Sp African, Asian, and European mammutid |
| 17 - 7 10 Choerolophodon, †Choerolophodontidae, Proboscidea, Mammalia large herbivorous related to elephants. 6Sp |
| 17 Olivine basalt @ oceanic ridge. |
| 17 Basin & Range Province vast physiographic region W USA & NW Mexico. |
| 17 Greater fairy armadillo >< pink fairy armadillo |
| 17 - 15 2 Columbia Plateau, Oregon Basin, Range of Pacific Northwest flooded with lava. |
| 17 - 14 3 Columbia River Basalt Group. |
| 17 - 14 3 Steens Mountain Lava flows 100s' thick |
 _ Boars, Camels and Giraffes 🐪/25 Prolibytherium magnieri N Africa and S Asia MIocene 16.9 - 15.97 Ma.png)  _ Boars, Camels and Giraffes 🐪/25 Prolibytherium magnieri Before Libya's N Africa and S Asia MIocene 16.9 - 15.97 Ma.png) 16.9 - 15.97 .93 Prolibytherium, †Climacoceratidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia 1961 2Sp N Africa and S Asia |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Miocene Epoch
23.03 - 5.333 17.697
Burdigalian Age
20.44 - 15.97 4.47
| 16.548 Washburn Caldera 30x25km 250km2/60mi2 Oregon Canyon Tuff |
  16.5 - 0 Java sparrow Lonchura oryzivora Indonesia Least concern |
| 16.5 - 15.5 1 Northwest Nevada volcanic field, Virgin Valley, High Rock, Hog Ranch, and unnamed calderas; West of the Pine Forest Range, Nevada; Tuffs: Idaho Canyon, Ashdown, Summit Lake, and Soldier Meadow. |
| 16.548 McDermitt volcanic field Yellowstone hotspot, Nevada/ Oregon; 250km2/60mi2 of Oregon Canyon Tuff. |
| 16.5 - 15.5 1 Northwest Nevada volcanic field (NWNV), Yellowstone hotspot (?), Virgin Valley, High Rock, Hog Ranch, and unnamed calderas; West of Pine Forest Range, Nevada; |
| 16.3 - 13.6 2.7 Australocamelus Camelid |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Miocene Epoch
23.03 - 5.333 17.697
Burdigalian Age
20.44 - 15.97 4.47
| 16 - 8 8 Kenyapotamus, †Kenyapotamus, †Kenyapotaminae, Hippopotamidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia, 1983 ancestor of hippopotamuses Kenya & Africa. |
| 16 - 30,000 Anancidae large herbivorous like elephants. Gomphotheriidae sensu lato |
| 16 - 13.6 4.2 Cuyamacamelus jamesi, †Cuyamacamelus, Camelini, Camelidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia, 1992 |
| 16 - 2.5 13.5 Amebelodontidae Family Elephantida, Proboscidea, Mammalia 1927 11Ge like elephants. |
| 16 Hoppin Peaks Caldera, Hoppin Peaks Tuff. |
| 16 Hoppin Peaks Caldera, McDermitt volcanic field (South), Yellowstone hotspot, Hoppin Peaks Tuff. |
  16 - 0 Red-legged seriema C. cristata, Cariama, Cariamidae, Cariamiformes, Aves, 1760 S America Least concern |
 _ Bears and seals 🐻/1 Hemicyon sansaniensis Half dog N America and Eurasia 16 - 11 5.png)  _ Bears and seals 🐻/1 Hemicyon sansaniensis Half dog N America and Eurasia 16 - 11 5 .png) 16 - 11 5 Hemicyon, "Bear dog", †Hemicyoninae, Ursidae, Carnivora, Mammalia N America and Eurasia |
  16 - 3 13 Cetotherium †Cetotheriinae Cetotheriidae, Cetacea, Artiodactyla, Mammalia, "whale beast" 4Sp 1843 worldwide |
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Langhian Age 15.97 - 13.82 2.15
  15.97 - 0 Indo-Pacific finless porrpoise N. phocaenoides, Neophocaena, Phocoenidae, Cetacea, Artiodactyla, Mammalia Indo-Pacific 1829 Vulnerable |
| 15.97 - 3.6 12.37 Stegolophodon S. latidens, †Stegolophodon, †Stegolophodontidae, Proboscidea, Mammalia, evolved into Stegodon. Asia, Africa. 5Sp |
| 15.9 - 7.3 18.6 Kubanochoerus †Kubanocheoerini, Suidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia 1928 Eurasia & Africa 6Sp |
  15.9 - 5.3 10.6 Aulophyseter morricei, †Aulophyseter, incertae sedis, Physeteroidea, Cetacea, Artiodactyla, Mammalia, Ancient sperm whale NE Pacific, SW Atlantic 3Sp 1895 |
| 15.8 Pueblo Caldera 20x10km, Oregon; 40km3/10mi3 of Trout Creek Mountains Tuff. McDermitt volcanic field |
| 15.7 Calavera Caldera, 17km; 300km3/72mi3 Double H Tuff. McDermitt volcanic field |
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Neogene Period
23.03 - 2.588 20,442
Miocene Epoch
23.03 - 5.333 17.697
Langhian Age
15.97 - 13.82 2.15
| 15.6 Jordan Meadow Caldera, 10 - 15 km wide 84mi3 / 350km3 Longridge Tuff member 2–3 |
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 _ Canidae 🐶/5 Amphicyon major Ambiguous de N America Africa and Eurasia 16.9 - 2.6 Ma.png){kind=small}
 _ Canidae 🐶/5 Amphicyon major Ambiguous de N America Africa and Eurasia 16.9 - 2.6 Ma.png){kind=small}
16.9 - 2.6 14.3 
